Periphyton communities inhabited on the surface of breakwaters were observed in the Uraga Port (Tokyo Bay), Kanagawa, Japan. The observed communities were organized by representative epifauna and epiflora and had a vertical zonation. Recruitment of periphyton and succession of their ecosystem were investigated over years by the dispersion treatments for attached organisms and the subsequent creation of new settling substrates. Within 20 days, new organisms were recruited into the new substrate, however, their abundance were very low compared to those before the dispersion treatments. Species richness in periphyton communities and wet weight of epifauna increased steeply within one year. Similarity of the periphyton communities was estimated from calculating some indices by using the dataset obtained from the initial recruit experiments (20- day- and 1-year-old communities) and from the observation of the caissons established in different years (2-, 3-, 4- and 15-year-old communities). The similarity between the 20-day-old communities and the 15-year-old communities was low, whereas the 3- or 4- year-old communities was closed to the 15-year-old communities. Cohort analysis was conducted by using the size distribution of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis. There were three or four M. edulis cohorts in the 2- and 3-year-old communities, while only one M. edulis cohort was observed for the 4-year-old communities. This suggests that M. edulis are dropped off from the substrates with several years cycle and that this event does not always occur in every summer around the site.